in bodies of

πολυσώματος

with many bodies: masc acc comp sg

πολυσώματος

with many bodies: neut nom /voc /acc comp sg

πολυσώματος

with many bodies: adverbial

σῶμα, ατος, τό (Hom.+) ‘body.’

① body of a human being or animal, body

ⓐ dead body, corpse (so always in Hom. [but s. HHerter, σῶμα bei Homer: Charites, Studien zur Altertumswissenschaft, ELanglotz Festschr., ed. KvonSchauenburg ’57, 206–17] and oft. later, e.g. Memnon: 434 Fgm. 1, 3, 3 Jac. καίειν τὸ ς.=burn the corpse; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 2:27; TestJob 52:11; ApcMos 34 al.; Philo, Abr. 258; Jos., Bell. 6, 276, Ant. 18, 236; Ar. 4, 3; Mel., P. 28, 196) Mt 14:12 v.l.; 27:59; Mk 15:45 v.l.; Lk 17:37; Ac 9:40; GPt 2:4; pl. J 19:31. W. gen. Mt 27:58; Mk 15:43; Lk 23:52, 55; 24:3, 23; J 19:38ab, 40; 20:12; Jd 9; GPt 2:3. Pl. Mt 27:52; Hb 13:11. AcPlCor 2:27.

ⓑ the living body (Hes. et al.) of animals Js 3:3.—Mostly of human beings Mt 5:29f; 6:22f; 26:12; Mk 5:29; 14:8; Lk 11:34abc; J 2:21; Ro 1:24; 1 Cor 6:18ab; IRo 5:3. τὰ τοῦ σώματος the parts of the body 4:2. Of women αἱ ἀσθενεῖς τῷ σώματι 1 Cl 6:2; cp. Hv 3, 11, 4.—W. and in contrast to πνεῦμα (4 Macc 11:11) Ro 8:10, 13; 1 Cor 5:3; 7:34; Js 2:26. W. and in contrast to ψυχή (Pla., Gorg. 47, 493a; Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 2, 30; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 112 §467; Ael. Aristid. 45, 17f K.=8 p. 88f D.; Lucian, Imag. 23; PGM 7, 589; Wsd 1:4; 8:19f; 2 Macc 7:37; 14:38; 4 Macc 1:28; ApcEsdr 7:3 p. 32, 13 Tdf.; EpArist 139; Philo; Jos., Bell. 3, 372–78; 6, 55; Just., A I, 8, 4; D. 6, 2 al.; Tat. 13, 1; Ath. 1, 4; Did., Gen. 56, 4; Theoph. Ant. 1, 5 [p. 66, 2]) Mt 6:25ab; 10:28ab; Lk 12:4 v.l., 22f; 2 Cl 5:4 (a saying of Jesus, fr. an unknown source); 12:4; MPol 14:2; AcPl Ha 1, 4. τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα (s. the Christian POxy 1161, 6 [IV A.D.]) 1 Th 5:23. W. and in contrast to its parts (ApcSed 11:13; Mel., P. 78, 563) Ro 12:4; 1 Cor 12:12abc (Ltzm. ad loc.), 14–20 (PMich 149, 4, 26 [II A.D.] ἧπαρ … ὅλον τὸ σῶμα); Js 3:6; 1 Cl 37:5abcd. The body as the seat of sexual function Ro 4:19; 1 Cor 7:4ab (rights over the σῶμα of one’s spouse as Artem. 1, 44 p. 42, 14f; Iren. 1, 13, 3 [Harv. I 119, 10]).—The body as seat of mortal life εἶναι ἐν σώματι be in the body = alive, subject to mortal ills (TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 3 [Stone p. 22]; Poryphr., Abst. 1, 38) Hb 13:3. ἐνδημεῖν ἐν τῷ σώματι 2 Cor 5:6 (s. ἐνδημέω). ἐκδημῆσαι ἐκ τοῦ σώματος vs. 8 (s. ἐκδημέω). διὰ τοῦ σώματος during the time of one’s mortal life (cp. Lucian, Menipp. 11, end, Catapl. 23) vs. 10 (s. κομίζω 3, but s. also below in this section). Paul does not know whether, in a moment of religious ecstasy, he was ἐν σώματι or ἐκτὸς (χωρὶς) τοῦ σώματος 12:2f (of Epimenides [A2: Vorsokrat.⁵ I p. 29] it was said ὡς ἐξίοι ἡ ψυχὴ ὁπόσον ἤθελε καιρὸν καὶ πάλιν εἰσῄει ἐν τῷ σώματι; Clearchus, Fgm. 7: καθάπερ ὁ Κλέαρχος ἐν τοῖς περὶ ὕπνου φησίν, περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς, ὡς ἄρα χωρίζεται τοῦ σώματος καὶ ὡς εἴσεισιν εἰς τὸ σῶμα καὶ ὡς χρῆται αὐτῷ οἷον καταγωγίῳ [a resting-place]. In Fgm. 8 Clearchus tells about Cleonymus the Athenian, who seemed to be dead, but awakened after 3 days and thereupon reported everything that he had seen and heard ἐπειδὴ χωρὶς ἦν τοῦ σώματος. His soul is said finally to have arrived εἴς τινα χῶρον ἱερὸν τῆς Ἑστίας; Maximus Tyr. 38, 3a–f Ἀριστέας ἔφασκεν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτῷ καταλιποῦσαν τὸ σῶμα in order to wander through the universe. He finds faith everywhere. Similarly 10, 2f. See also the story of Hermotimus in Apollon. Paradox. 3 as well as Lucian, Musc. Enc. [The Fly] 7.—On the two kinds of transcendent vision [with or without the body] s. Proclus, In Pla. Rem Publ. II p. 121, 26ff Kroll: οἱ μὲν μετὰ τοῦ σώματος τῶν τοιούτων [like Ἐμπεδότιμος] ἵστορες [=eyewitnesses], οἱ δὲ ἄνευ σώματος [like Κλεώνυμος]. καὶ πλήρεις αἱ παραδόσεις τούτων.). ἀπὼν τῷ σώματι (παρὼν δὲ τῷ πνεύματι) 1 Cor 5:3. ἡ παρουσία τοῦ σώματος 2 Cor 10:10 (παρουσία 1). The body is the instrument of human experience and suffering 4:10ab; Gal 6:17 (allusion AcPlCor 2, 35); Phil 1:20; the body is the organ of a person’s activity: δοξάσατε τὸν θεὸν ἐν τῷ σώματι ὑμῶν glorify God through your body, i.e. by leading an upright life 1 Cor 6:20; cp. Ro 12:1. This may be the place (s. above in this section) for διὰ τοῦ σώματος 2 Cor 5:10 which, in that case, would be taken in an instrumental sense with or through the body (cp. Pla., Phd. 65a; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 13, 371c; Aelian, NA 5, 26 τὰ διὰ τοῦ σώματος πραττόμενα). In some of the last-named passages (such as Ro 12:1; Phil 1:20; also Eph 5:28 w. parallel in Plut., Mor. 142e: s. HAlmqvist, Plut. u. d. NT ’46, 116f) the body is almost synonymous w. the whole personality (as Aeschin., Or. 2, 58; X., An. 1, 9, 12 τὰ ἑαυτῶν σώματα=themselves. Appian, Syr. 41 §218 παρεδίδου τὸ σῶμα τοῖς ἐθέλουσιν ἀπαγαγεῖν=[Epaminondas] gave himself up to those who wished to take him away, Mithr. 27 §107 ἐς τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ=against his person, Bell. Civ. 2, 106 §442 Caesar’s person [σῶμα] is ἱερὸς καὶ ἄσυλος=sacred and inviolable; 3, 39 §157 ἔργον … σῶμα=course of action … person; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 55, 7 [III B.C.] ἑκάστου σώματος=for every person. See Wilcken’s note).—Because it is subject to sin and death, man’s mortal body as τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκός (σάρξ 2cα) Col 2:11 is a σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας Ro 6:6 or τοῦ θανάτου 7:24; cp. 8:11. In fact, σῶμα can actually take the place of σάρξ 8:13 (cp. Herm. Wr. 4, 6b ἐὰν μὴ πρῶτον τὸ σῶμα μισήσῃς, σεαυτὸν φιλῆσαι οὐ δύνασαι; 11, 21a.—Cp. Hippol., Ref. 5, 19, 6). As a σῶμα τῆς ταπεινώσεως lowly body it stands in contrast to the σῶμα τῆς δόξης glorious body of the heavenly beings Phil 3:21. In another pass. σῶμα ψυχικόν of mortals is opposed to the σῶμα πνευματικόν after the resurrection 1 Cor 15:44abc.—Christ’s earthly body, which was subject to death (Orig., C. Cels. 2, 9, 13) Ro 7:4; Hb 10:5 (Ps 39:7 v.l.), 10; 1 Pt 2:24; AcPlCor 2:16f. τὸ σῶμα καὶ τὰ ὀστᾶ καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ 2:32. τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ Col 1:22. Esp. in the language of the Eucharist (opp. αἷμα) Mt 26:26; Mk 14:22; Lk 22:19; 1 Cor 10:16 (GBornkamm, NTS 2, ’56, 202–6); 11:24, 27, 29. S. the lit. s.v. ἀγάπη 2 and εὐχαριστία 3, also JBonsirven, Biblica 29, ’48, 205–19.—ἓν σῶμα a single body 1 Cor 6:16 (cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 66 Δαυίδης τήν τε ἄνω πόλιν κ. τὴν ἄκραν συνάψας ἐποίησεν ἕν σῶμα; Artem. 3, 66 p. 196, 9; RKempthorne, NTS 14. ’67/68, 568–74).

② pl. σώματα slaves (Herodas 2, 87 δοῦλα σώματα; Polyb. et al.; oft. Vett. Val.; ins, pap; Gen 36:6; Tob 10:10; Bel 32; 2 Macc 8:11; Jos., Ant. 14, 321; cp. our colloq. ‘get some bodies for the job’) Rv 18:13 (cp. Ezk 27:13; the abs. usage rejected by Atticists, s. Phryn. 378 Lob.).

③ plant and seed structure, body. In order to gain an answer to his own question in 1 Cor 15:35 ποίῳ σώματι ἔρχονται; (i.e. the dead after the resurrection), Paul speaks of bodies of plants (which are different in kind fr. the ‘body’ of the seed which is planted.—Maximus Tyr. 40, 60e makes a distinction betw. the σώματα of the plants, which grow old and pass away, and their σπέρματα, which endure.—σώματα of plants also in Apollon. Paradox. 7 [after Aristot.]) vs. 37f, and of σώματα ἐπουράνια of the heavenly bodies vs. 40 (cp. Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 2, 2 the stars as σώματα θεῖα; Maximus Tyr. 21, 8b οὐρανὸς κ. τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ σώματα, acc. to 11, 12a οἱ ἀστέρες; 40, 4h; Sallust. 9 p. 18, 5).

④ substantive reality, the thing itself, the reality in imagery of a body that casts a shadow, in contrast to σκιά (q.v. 3) Col 2:17.

⑤ a unified group of people, body fig. ext. of 1, of the Christian community or church (cp. Cyr. Ins. 58, ‘body of the Hellenes’; Polyaenus, Exc. 18, 4 of the phalanx; Libanius, Or. 1 p. 176, 25 F. τὸ τῆς πόλεως ς.; Plut., Philop. 360 [8, 2]), esp. as the body of Christ, which he fills or enlivens as its Spirit (in this case the head belongs with the body, as Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 26 §101, where a severed head is differentiated from τὸ ἄλλο σῶμα=the rest of the body), or crowns as its Head (Hdt. 7, 140; Quint. Smyrn. 11, 58; SIG 1169, 3; 15 κεφαλή w. σῶμα as someth. equally independent; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 79, 27): οἱ πολλοὶ ἓν σῶμά ἐσμεν ἐν Χριστῷ Ro 12:5. Cp. 1 Cor 10:17; 12:13, 27; Eph (s. Schlier s.v. ἐκκλησία 3c) 1:23; 2:16; 4:12, 16; 5:23, 30; Col 1:18, 24; 2:19; 3:15; ISm 1:2; Hs 9, 17, 5; 9, 18, 3f. ἓν σῶμα καὶ ἓν πνεῦμα Eph 4:4; cp. Hs 9, 13, 5; 7 (Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 30, 167: all as ἓν σῶμα κ. μία ψυχή; also Just., D. 42, 3) διέλκομεν τὰ μέλη τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ στασιάζομεν πρὸς τὸ σῶμα τὸ ἴδιον 1 Cl 46:7.—T Schmidt, Der Leib Christi (σῶμα Χριστοῦ) 1919; EKäsemann, Leib u. Leib Christi ’33 (for a critique s. SHanson, Unity of the Church in the NT ’46, 113–16); ÉMersch, Le Corps mystique du Christ² ’36; AWikenhauser, D. Kirche als d. myst. Leib Christi, nach dem Ap. Pls² ’40; EPercy, D. Leib Christi in d. paulin. Homologumena u. Antilegomena ’42; RHirzel, Die Person: SBMünAk 1914 H. 10 p. 6–28 (semantic history of σῶμα); WKnox, Parallels to the NT use of σῶμα: JTS 39, ’38, 243–46; FDillistone, How Is the Church Christ’s Body?: Theology Today 2, ’45/46, 56–68; WGoossens, L’Église corps de Christ d’après St. Paul² ’49; CCraig, Soma Christou: The Joy of Study ’51, 73–85; JRobinson, The Body: A Study in Pauline Theol. ’52; RBultmann, Theol. of the NT, tr. KGrobel ’51, 192–203; HClavier, CHDodd Festschr. ’56, 342–62; CColpe, Zur Leib-Christi Vorstellung im Eph, ’60, 172–87; KGrobel, Bultmann Festschr. ’54, 52–59; HHegermann, TLZ 85, ’60, 839–42; ESchweizer, ibid. 86, ’61, 161–74; 241–56; JMeuzelaar, D. Leib des Messias, ’61; MDahl, The Resurrection of the Body, ’62; RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms, ’71, 201–304; JZiegler, NovT 25, ’83, 133–45 (LXX); JDunn: JSNT Suppl. 100, ’94, 163–81 (Col.).—B. 198. New Docs 4, 38f. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

ἀστροφεγγής

shining with the light of heavenly bodies: masc /fem voc sg

ἀστροφεγγής

shining with the light of heavenly bodies: neut nom /voc /acc sg

ἀστροφεγγής

shining with the light of heavenly bodies: masc /fem voc sg

ἀστροφεγγής

shining with the light of heavenly bodies: neut nom /voc /acc sg

κεντροθεσίᾱς, κεντροθεσία

arrangement of heavenly bodies on cardinal points: fem acc pl

κεντροθεσίᾱς, κεντροθεσία

arrangement of heavenly bodies on cardinal points: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

σωματουργός

creative of bodies: masc /fem acc sg

σωματουργός

creative of bodies: neut nom /voc /acc sg

-ατος τό N 3 5-0-2-0-0=7 Gn 15,11.17; Ex 29,17; Lv 1,8; Ez 24,4(bis)

divided part, divided piece Ex 29,17

*Gn 15,11 (τὰ σώματα) τὰ διχοτομήματα αὐτῶν ( the bodies) the two parts of them-הגזרים (הפגרים) for MT הפגרים the bodies

neol.

Cf. HELBING 1907, 115; WEVERS 1993 209 (Gn 15,11)

κύκλος, ὁ ([dialect] Dor. ἁ, v. infr. 11.11), also with heterocl. pl.

A

κύκλα Il.

, etc., v. infr.11.1, 3,9, 111.1:—ring, circle, ὅπποτέ μιν δόλιον περὶ κύκλον ἄγωσιν, of the circle which hunters draw round their game, Od.4.792; κ. δέκα χάλκεοι (concentric) circles of brass on a round shield, Il.11.33, cf. 20.280; but ἀσπίδος κύκλον λέγω the round shield itself, A.Th. 489, cf. 496, 591.

2 Adverbial usages, κύκλῳ in a circle or ring, round about,

κ. ἁπάντῃ Od.8.278

;

κ. πάντῃ X.An.3.1.2

;

πανταχῇ D.4.9

;

τὸ κ. πέδον Pi.O.10(11).46

;

κ. περιάγειν Hdt.4.180

;

λίμνη.. ἐργασμένη εὖ κ. Id.2.170

;

τρέχειν κ. Ar.Th. 662

;

περιέπλεον αὐτοὺς κ. Th.2.84

;

οἱ κ. βασιλεῖς X.Cyr.7.2.23

; ἡ κ. περιφορά, κίνησις, Pl.Lg. 747a, Alex. Aphr.in Top.218.3: freq. with περί or words compounded there with, round about,

κ. πέριξ A.Pers. 368

, 418;

περιστῆναι κ. Hdt.1.43

;

βωμὸν κ. περιστῆναι A.Fr. 379

;

ἀμφιχανὼν κ. S.Ant. 118

(lyr.);

περιστεφῆ κ. Id.El. 895

;

περισταδὸν κ. E.Andr. 1137

;

κ. περιϊέναι Pl.Phd. 72b

, etc.;

τοῦ φλοιοῦ περιαιρεθέντος κ. Thphr.HP4.15.1

; so κ. περὶ αὐτήν round about it, Hdt.1.185;

περὶ τὰ δώματα κ. Id.2.62

; also κύκλῳ c. acc., without

περί, ἐπιστήσαντες κ. σῆμα Id.4.72

;

πάντα τὸν τόπον τοῦτον κ. D.4.4

: c.gen.,

κ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου X.Cyr.4.5.5

;

τὰ κ. τῆς Ἀττικῆς D.18.96

, cf. PFay. 110.7 (i A.D.), etc.: metaph., around or from all sides, S.Ant. 241, etc.; κεντουμένη κύκλῳ ἡ ψυχή all over, Pl.Phdr. 251d; τὰ κ. the circumstances, Arist.Rh. 1367b29, EN 1117b2; ἡ κ. ἀπόδειξις, of arguing in a circle, Id.APo. 72b17, cf. APr. 57b18: with Preps.,

ἐν κ. S.Aj. 723

, Ph. 356, E.Ba. 653, Ar.V. 432, etc.;

ἅπαντες ἐν κ. Id.Eq. 170

, Pl. 679: c. gen., E.HF 926, Th.3.74;

κατὰ κύκλον Emp.17.13

.

II any circular body:

1 wheel, Il.23.340; in which sense the heterocl. pl. κύκλα is mostly used, 5.722, 18.375; τοὺς λίθους ἀνατιθεῖσι ἐπὶ τὰ κύκλα on the janker, IG12.350.47.

2 trencher, SIG57.32 (Milet., v B.C.), Abh.Berl.Akad.1928(6).29 ([place name] Cos), Poll.6.84.

3 place of assembly, of the

ἀγορά, ἱερὸς κ. Il.18.504

;

ὁ κ. τοῦ Ζηνὸς τὠγοραίου Schwyzer 701

B6 (Erythrae, v B.C.); ἀγορᾶς κ. (cf. κυκλόεις) E.Or. 919; of the amphitheatre, D.C.72.19.

b crowd of people standing round, ring or circle of people,

κ. τυραννικός S.Aj. 749

; κύκλα χαλκέων ὅπλων, i.e. of armed men, dub. in Id.Fr.210.9, cf. X. Cyr.7.5.41: abs., E.Andr. 1089, X.An.5.7.2 (both pl.), Diph.55.3.

c place in the ἀγορά where domestic utensils were sold, Alex.99.

4 vault of the sky,

ὁ κ. τοῦ οὐρανοῦ Hdt.1.131

, LXX 1 Es.4.34;

πυραυγέα κ. αἰθέρος h.Hom.8.6

, cf. E. Ion 1147;

ὁ ἄνω κ. S.Ph. 815

;

ἐς βάθος κύκλου Ar.Av. 1715

;

νυκτὸς αἰανὴς κ. S.Aj. 672

; γαλαξίας κ. the milky way, Placit.2.7.1, al., Poll.4.159; also

ὁ τοῦ γάλακτος κ. Arist. Mete. 345a25

;

πολιοῖο γάλακτος κ. Arat.511

.

b μέγιστος κ. great circle, Autol.Sph.2, al.;

μ. κ. τῶν ἐν τῇ σφαίρᾳ Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.30

, cf. Gem.5.70; κ. ἰσημερινός, θερινός, etc., Ph.1.27;

χειμερινός Gem.5.7

, Cleom.1.2; ἀρκτικός, ἀνταρκτικός, Gem.5.2,9;

ὁ κ. ὁ τῶν ζῳδίων Arist. Mete. 343a24

; ὁ ὁρίζων κ. the horizon, Id.Cael. 297b34; παράλληλοι κ., of parallels of latitude, Autol.Sph.1: in pl., the zones, Stoic.2.196.

5 orb, disk of the sun and moon,

ἡλίου κ. A.Pr.91

, Pers. 504, S.Ant. 416;

πανσέληνος κ. E. Ion 1155

; μὴ οὐ πλήρεος ἐόντος τοῦ κύκλου (sc. τῆς σελήνης) Hdt.6.106: in pl., the heavenly bodies, IG14.2012A9 (Sulp. Max.).

6 circle or wall round a city, esp. round Athens,

ὁ Ἀθηνέων κ. Hdt.1.98

, cf. Th.2.13, etc.;

οὐχὶ τὸν κ. τοῦ Πειραιῶς, οὐδὲ τοῦ ἄστεως D.18.300

.

b circular fort, Th.6.99, al.

7 round shield, v. sub init.

8 in pl., eye-balls, eyes, S.OT 1270, Ph. 1354;

ὀμμάτων κ. Id.Ant. 974

(lyr.): rarely in sg., eye,

ὁ αἰὲν ὁρῶν κ. Διός Id.OC 704

(lyr.).

9 οἱ κ. τοῦ προσώπου cheeks, Hp.Morb.2.50;

κύκλα παρειῆς Nonn.D.33.190

, 37.412; but κύκλος μαζοῦ, poet. for μαζός, is f.l. in Tryph.34.

10 κ. ἐλαίης an olive wreath, Orph.A. 325 (pl.).

11 cycle or collection of legends or poems,

κύκλον ἱστορημέναν ὑπὲρ Κρήτας GDI5187.9

([place name] Crete); esp. of the Epic cycle,

ὁ ἐπικὸς κ. Ath. 7.277e

, Procl. ap. Phot.Bibl.p.319 B., cf. Arist.Rh. 1417a15; of the corpus of legends compiled by Dionysius Scytobrachion, Ath.11.481e, cf. Sch. Od.2.120; κ. ἐπιγραμμάτων Suid.s.v. Ἀγαθίας; cf.

κυκλικός 11

.

III circular motion, orbit of the heavenly bodies,

κύκλον ἰέναι Pl.Ti. 38d

;

οὐρανὸς.. μιᾷ περιαγωγῇ καὶ κύκλῳ συναναχορεύει τούτοις Arist.Mu. 391b18

; revolution of the seasons,

ἐνιαυτοῦ κ. E.Or. 1645

, Ph. 477; τὸν ἐνιαύσιον κ. the yearly cycle, ib. 544;

ἑπτὰ.. ἐτῶν κ. Id.Hel. 112

; μυρία κύκλα ζώειν, i.e. years, AP7.575 (Leont.): hence κ. τῶν ἀνθρωπηΐων ἐστὶ πρηγμάτων human affairs revolve in cycles, Hdt.1.207;

φασὶ.. κύκλον εἶναι τὰ ἀνθρώπινα πράγματα Arist.Ph. 223b24

, al.;

κ. κακῶν D.C.44.29

; κύκλου ἐξέπταν, i.e. from the cycle of rebirths, Orph.Fr. 32c.6.

b ἐν τοῖς κ. εἶναι to be in train, of an affair, PEleph.14.24 (iii B.C.).

2 circular dance (cf. κύκλιος)

, χωρεῖτε νῦν ἱερὸν ἀνὰ κ. Ar.Ra. 445

, cf. Simon.148.9, E.Alc. 449 (lyr.).

3 in Rhet., a rounded period,

περιόδου κύκλος D.H.Comp.19

, cf. 22, 23.

b period which begins and ends with the same word, Hermog.Inv.4.8.

4 in Metre, a kind of anapaest, v.l. for κυκλικός in D.H.Comp.17.

IV sphere, globe, Pl.Lg. 898a. [[pron. full] ῠ by nature, S.Ant. 416, Aj. 672, etc., but freq. long by position in Hom. and Trag.]

στερεός, ά, όν, also [full] στερρός (q.v.),

A firm, solid,

σ. λίθος ἠὲ σίδηρος Od.19.494

;

βοέαι Il.17.493

; αἰχμὴ σ. πᾶσα χρυσέη all of solid gold, Hdt.1.52, cf. 183;

ἕρμα σ. γῆς E.Hel. 854

, cf. X.Cyn.9.16;

γῆ σ. καὶ ἀδιάλυτος Epicur.Nat.14.2

; τὰ -ώτερα τῶν ὀστέων, opp. τὰ ἀραιότερα, Hp.Fract.33; τὸ ς., opp. κενόν, Democr. ap. Arist.Ph. 188a22, Metaph. 985b7; opp. μαλθακός, Pl.Phdr. 239c; κυσὶ σ. καὶ ἰσχνοῖς, opp. προβάτοις πίοσι καὶ ἁπαλοῖς, Id.R. 422d;

ἀθλητής D.L.2.132

;

βραχίονες Theoc.22.48

;

δέρματα Pl.Prt. 321a

;

νῆμα Id.Plt. 282e

; σ. κέρας solid, opp. κοῖλον, Arist.HA 500a6;

σ. κάλαμος Thphr.HP4.11.10

; στερεὰ τροφή solid food, D.S.2.4, Ep.Hebr.5.12, Arr.Epict.2.16.39 ([comp] Comp.); τὸ σ. σῶμα, opp. ὁ χυλός, Gal.15.463; σ. κοιλίη costive, Hp.Acut. (Sp.) 56. Adv. - ρεῶς firmly, fast,

κατέδησαν Od.14.346

;

ἐντέτατο Il.10.263

; νῶτα.. ἑλκόμενα ς., of wrestlers, 23.715.

b of money, standard, of full value,

ἀργυρίου στερεὰ τάλαντα SIG826

D 20 (Delph., ii B.C.); so perh. of sums due in kind,

πυροῦ στερεοῦ PRein.8.5

(ii B.C.), al.; and of linear and square measures, τῆς προσούσης αὐλῆς πηχῶν σ. ὀκτὼ τὸ ἐπιβάλλον αὐτῷ μέρος ἥμισυ πήχεις σ. τέσσερας eight (four) standard cubits, PStrassb.87 (ii B.C.), cf. PLond.3.1024.19 (ii B.C.); πόδες ς. standard feet, Milet.7p.59 ([place name] Didyma); μέτρημα ς. Supp.Epigr.4.446.11 (ibid, iii/ii B.C.).

c ὠρύγη ποταμὸς ἐπὶ τὰ τρία ς. the ditch was restored by digging to its three normal dimensions, OGI672 (Canopus, i A.D.), cf. 673, where the Latin version has at tria soldu (m).

2 metaph., stiff, stubborn, στερεοῖς ἐπέεσσι, opp. μειλιχίοις, Il.12.267;

κραδίη -ωτέρη ἐστὶ λίθοιο Od.23.103

. Adv.

-ρεῶς, ἀποειπεῖν Il.9.510

, cf. 23.42.

3 later, hard, stubborn, cruel,

πῦρ Pi.O.10(11).36

;

ὀδύναι Id.P.4.221

;

ἀπειλαί A.Pr. 174

(anap.);

ἁμαρτήματα S.Ant. 1262

(lyr.);

ἦθος Pl.Plt. 309b

;

οὕτω σ. <τι> πρᾶγμα θερμόν ἐσθ' ὕδωρ Antiph.245

;

σ. φωνή Tryph.490

; τοῦτο ἤδη -ώτερον harder, more difficult, Pl.R. 348e.

4 of language, τὸ εὔτονον καὶ ς. solidity, D.H.Din.8;

ποιήματα Phld.Po.5.5

, cf. 4 ([comp] Sup.).

5 σ. ζῴδια, i.e. productive of settled conditions, Serapio in Cat.Cod.Astr.1.100.17, Ptol.Tetr.32, PMag.Lond.46.47.

II of bodies and quantities, solid, cubic, opp. ἐπίπεδος (plane), Pl.Phlb. 51c; σ. γωνία a solid angle, Id.Ti. 54e sq., cf. Euc. 11 Def.11;

σ. πῆχυς POxy.669.7

(iii A.D.); σ. ἀριθμός a cubic number, Arist.Pol. 1316a8; τὰ ς. cubic numbers, representing bodies of three dimensions, Pl.Tht. 148b: dat. sg.

στερεῷ

in the third power,

Theol.Ar.4

. (Cf. Skt. sthirás 'firm, hard, solid', OHG. star 'rigid', OE. starian 'stare fixedly'.)

σωμᾰτ-ωσις, εως, ἡ,

A embodying, making of bodies, Herm. ap. Stob.1.41.6; formation of the body, Theol.Ar.31.

2 thickening, consolidation, Thphr. CP6.11.14.

3 Math., becoming solid, acquiring a third dimension, Theol.Ar.16, 36.

4 the stuff of which bodies are made,

ἐκ τῆς γειναμένης -ώσεως ἐποίησεν ἡμᾶς Herm.

ap. Stob.1.41.8.

λυμαίνω 1 aor. inf. λυμᾶναι; impf. mid. ἐλυμαινόμην; fut. 3 sg. λυμανεῖται LXX; quite predom., in earlier times exclusively, used as a mid. dep. (cp. λῦμα ‘filth left from washing’; Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; En 19:1; EpArist 164; Philo; Jos., Bell. 2, 271; 4, 534 al.; Ath., R. 1 p. 49, 8 [w. dat.]) to cause harm to, injure, damage, spoil, ruin, destroy (so Thu. et al.) τὶ someth. Σαῦλος ἐλυμαίνετο τὴν ἐκκλησίαν Saul was making it hard for the (Christian) community Ac 8:3. Of gluttons who, by their intemperance, damage τὴν σάρκα αὐτῶν their bodies Hv 3, 9, 3a (Epict. 3, 22, 87 τὸ σῶμα λυμαίνεται=he injures his body).—Also used as a passive (UPZ 187, 20 [127/126 B.C.]; M-M s.v. λυμαίνομαι) λυμαίνεται ἡ σὰρξ αὐτῶν their bodies become injured Hv 3, 9, 3b (cp. Jos., Ant. 12, 256 λ. τὰ σώματα).—The act. λυμαίνω appears quite late (Libanius, Decl. 13, 6 vol. VI p. 10, 13 F.; PGM 13, 302 πῦρ, οὐ μή μου λυμάνῃς σάρκα; Herm. Wr. 10, 20; TestAbr A). It has the same mng. πόλιν λυμᾶναι destroy a city Hv 4, 1, 8. τινά hurt someone 4, 2, 4.—B. 760. DELG s.v. λῦμα. TW.

στοιχεῖον, ου, τό (since Aristoph., X., Pla.; also BGU 959, 2) in our lit. only pl.

① basic components of someth., elements

ⓐ of substances underlying the natural world, the basic elements fr. which everything in the world is made and of which it is composed (Pla. et al.; PGM 4, 440; Wsd 7:17; 19:18; 4 Macc 12:13; Ath., R. 3 p. 51, 17), to disappear in the world conflagration at the end of time 2 Pt 3:10, 12 (Ath. 22, 3; lit. s.v. καυσόω). The four elements of the world (earth, air, fire, water) Hv 3, 13, 3 (cp. Diog. L. 7, 137 [Zeno the Stoic] ἔστι δὲ στοιχεῖον, ἐξ οὗ πρώτου γίνεται τὰ γινόμενα καὶ εἰς ὸ̔ ἔσχατον ἀναλύεται … τὸ πῦρ, τὸ ὕδωρ, ὁ ἀήρ, ἡ γῆ; Plut., Mor. 875c; Philo, Cher. 127 τὰ τέσσαρα στοιχεῖα; Jos., Ant. 3, 183.—JKroll, Die Lehren des Hermes Trismegistos 1914, 178ff; ESchweizer, JBL 107, ’88, 455–68). πῦρ … ὕδωρ … ἄλλο τι τῶν στοιχείων Dg 8:2; cp. 7:2 (s. b).

ⓑ of basic components of celestial constellations, heavenly bodies (Ar. 3, 2; Just., A II, 5, 2; Diog. L. 6. 102 τὰ δώδεκα στοιχεῖα of the signs of the zodiac; POsl 4, 18 δώδεκα στ. τοῦ οὐρανοῦ; Ps.-Callisth. 13, 1.—PGM 4, 1303 the ‘Bear’ is called a στοιχεῖον ἄφθαρτον.—Rtzst., Poim. 69ff, Herr der Grösse 13ff; Diels [s. below] 53f; JvanWageningen, Τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου: ThSt 35, 1917, 1–6; FColson, The Week 1926, 95ff) Dg 7:2.

ⓒ of things that constitute the foundation of learning, fundamental principles (X., Mem. 2, 1, 1; Isocr. 2, 16; Plut., Lib. Educ. 16, 2; Just., A I, 60, 11) or even letters of the alphabet, ABC’s (Pla. et al.) τὰ στ. τῆς ἀρχῆς τῶν λογίων τοῦ θεοῦ the very elements of the truths of God Hb 5:12. This mng. is also prob. for the passages in Gal (4:3, 9 NEB ‘elementary ideas belonging to this world’; cp. LBelleville, JSNT 26, ’86, 53–78) and Col; s. next.

② transcendent powers that are in control over events in this world, elements, elemental spirits. The mng. of στ. in τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου Gal 4:3; Col 2:8, 20 (for the expr. στοιχ. τ. κόσμου cp. SibOr 2, 206; 3, 80f; 8, 337) and τὰ ἀσθενῆ καὶ πτωχὰ στοιχεῖα Gal 4:9 is much disputed. For a survey s. EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 510–18. Some (e.g. Burton, Goodsp.) prefer to take it in sense 1c above, as referring to the elementary forms of religion, Jewish and polytheistic, which have been superseded by the new revelation in Christ (so also WKnox, St. Paul and the Church of the Gentiles ’39, 108f; RGrant, HTR 39, ’46, 71–3; ACramer, Stoicheia Tou Kosmou, ’61 [the unregenerate tendencies within humans]).—Others (e.g. WBauer, Mft., NRSV) hold that the ref. is to the elemental spirits which the syncretistic religious tendencies of later antiquity associated w. the physical elements (Herm. Wr. Κόρη κόσμου in Stob. I 409 W.=Sc. 486ff, esp. 486, 23; 25; 490, 14: the στοιχεῖα, fire, air, water, earth, complain to the deity who is over all; Orph. Hymn. 5, 4; 66, 4 Qu.; Ps.-Callisth. 1, 3 [s. below Pfister p. 416f]; Simplicius In Aristot. De Caelo 1, 3 p. 107, 15 Heiberg.—MDibelius, Geisterwelt 78ff; 228ff, Hdb. z. NT² exc. on Col 2:8; ELohmeyer, Col 1930, 4–8; 103–5; FPfister, Die στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου in den Briefen des Ap. Pls: Philol. 69, 1910, 411–27; GMacgregor: ACPurdy Festschr. ’60, 88–104); they were somet. worshiped as divinities (Vett. Val. 293, 27; Philo, Vita Cont. 3 τοὺς τὰ στοιχεῖα τιμῶντας, γῆν, ὕδωρ, ἀέρα, πῦρ. Cp. Diels [s. below] 45ff; Schweizer 1a above). It is not always easy to differentiate betw. this sense and that of 1b above, since heavenly bodies were also regarded as personal beings and given divine honors.—HDiels, Elementum 1899; ABonhöffer, Epiktet u. das NT 1911, 130ff; OLagercrantz, Elementum 1911 (p. 41 στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου=θεμέλια τοῦ κόσμου); BEaston, The Pauline Theol. and Hellenism: AJT 21, 1917, 358–82; KDieterich, Hellenist. Volksreligion u. byz.-neugriech. Volksglaube: Αγγελος I 1925, 2–23; on Gal 4 and Col 2, GKurze, D. στοιχεῖα τ. κόσμου: BZ 15, 1927, 335; WHatch, Τὰ στοιχεῖα in Paul and Bardaisân: JTS 28, 1927, 181f; JHuby, Στοιχεῖα dans Bardesane et dans St. Paul: Biblica 15, ’34, 365–68; on Gal 4:3, 9 and Col 2:8, 20, LScheu, Die ‘Weltelemente’ beim Ap. Pls: diss. Cath. Univ., Washington ’34; BReicke, JBL 70, ’51, 259–76 (Gal 4:1–11); WBrownlee, Messianic Motifs of Qumran and the NT, NTS 3, ’56/57, 195–210; MKiley, SBLSP 25, ’86, 236–45.—RAC IV 1073–1100; B. 1501. DELG s.v. στείχω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

κεντροθεσίᾱͅ, κεντροθεσία

arrangement of heavenly bodies on cardinal points: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

κεντροθεσίᾱν, κεντροθεσία

arrangement of heavenly bodies on cardinal points: fem acc sg (attic doric aeolic)

μακροφυής

with elongated bodies: neut nom /voc /acc comp pl

μετεωρολόγος

one who talks of the heavenly bodies: masc nom /voc pl

μετεωρολόγος

one who talks of the heavenly bodies: masc dat pl

μετεωρολόγος

one who talks of the heavenly bodies: masc acc sg

μετεωρολόγος

one who talks of the heavenly bodies: masc nom sg

μετεωρολόγος

one who talks of the heavenly bodies: masc acc pl